Earth Advocates -

The Tragedy of Gili Travangan, Lombok Marine Reserve.

The largest of a group of three Coral Reef Islands first settled by Fisherman and Coconut Farmers during the 1970's. During the mid 1980's the first foreign travelers, Backpackers arrived to what was described as a spectacular Coral Garden Island. Until 1988/89 there existed no electricity, accommodation in small stilted natural material huts including three meals a day cost approximately US $ 2. Then came the first Restaurant and Dive school with generated electricity. During May 1991 a Group of Ministers led by the Minister of Tourism, plus Javanese businessmen arrived on a Hydrofoil and proceeded to mark off and to carve up the Island to their liking as a Massive Hotel venture was being planned. A big hotel with swimming pools and a Golf course were included.

Soon there after government notices were distributed to the few Island inhabitants about the plans to relocate them to the other side of the Island because the land rights where they lived were sold. Many inhabitants protested this arguing they lived there so many years and never were allowed the option to buy the land themselves. Eventually after pleading their cases unsuccessfully, the military arrived and without exception destroyed the Homes and Huts on lands claimed by the Ministers and entourage of businessmen. In return for moving the officials promised to increase their standard of living by promoting rich tourism, in the name of Eco tourism This did not convince all the residents, but did ignite a migration of residence from mainland Lombok. The military returned three times from August 1992 to May 1993, destroying all houses in the forbidden area, forcibly relocating those residents to the south west portion of the Island where 80 % of the Coral Reef had already been damaged from dynamite fishing. Some residents were still defiant until the end as 'Good Heart' owners, the first settlers to provide shelter and food for foreign traveler. Actually the perfect model Eco tourism before the intimidation.

Currently the Islands Infrastructure is overpopulated, polluted, the Coral Gardens are 90% destroyed, and the hotel project has become the Expensive Bungalow Resort (currently without a golf course!).

The paradox of this story, as in many similar stories, is had there been environmental protection laws in place, environmental impact studies done, and recommendations against developing this Island, still, with money, power, and the under the banner of Eco tourism, it may have happened anyway! Our model of Eco tourism is what existed before the arrival of the Minister and his friends. Examples of the Hypocrisy can be clearly demonstrated around North Sulawesi's Marine Reserve, where Eco tourism is a popular term as mentioned in the Section 'Coral Reefs - Protected or Pillaged?'.